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I want to upgrade my MacBook Pro 15" 2012 Airport 802.11n card to 802.11ac. What is compatible? And how do I do it?

Yes, you can but getting the correct adapter may take some doing as BroadCom has discontinued the part a while ago as a different interface became more popular. Here is the IFIXIT guide: MacBook Pro 15" Unibody Mid 2012 AirPort/Bluetooth Board Replacement. And here is the part from one source: uCard. The other option is to use an external USB adapter or use a AirPort Extreme unit which you connect your Macbook via an Ethernet cable.